This FOA issued by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/organizations to support and stimulate translational research leading to the development of novel and more effective interventions and research tools that will facilitate and promote the discovery and development of novel therapeutics, vaccines, diagnostics and vector management strategies, thereby reducing or eliminating morbidity and mortality from malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Projects that propose to develop molecular tools and biomarkers to support the development of novel interventions are also included in this initiative. Applications must focus on malaria, NTDs and/or the vectors that transmit these diseases. This FOA will NOT support non-translational basic research studies. This FOA will NOT support clinical or field trials.