The Nano and Bio Mechanics (NBM) program element supports research in mechanical properties of engineering materials and systems containing nanoscale features, such as grains, layers, precipitates or composites; mechanical properties of biological materials, which include cell, tissues, muscles, bones and prosthetic implants; design of materials suitable for prosthetic implants; relationship between nanomechanics, adhesion, and tribological properties; effects of environment, surface chemistry, and temperature: computational and experimental tools to study nano and bio mechanics of materials.